Tatsuo Watanabe, Kazutoshi Komori, Shoji Saito, Eriko Uchida1,Takashi Kurata, Masatomo Kitamura, Hikoro Matsui, Kohta Takei, Yoshifumi Ogiso, Keiko Ohta-Ogo, Yozo Nakazawa, Kazuo Sakashita
Nagano Children’s Hospital. Shinshu University School of Medicine. The University of Tokyo. National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center.
Japan
Blood Cell Therapy
Blood Cell Ther 2023;
DOI: 10.31547/bct-2022-005
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare but fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although literature on PVOD post-HSCT is scarce, a recent study has indicated that this condition may be underestimated. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes common cold in healthy individuals but may lead to severe lower respiratory infection accompanied by respiratory distress in infants and immunocompromised individuals, such as post-HSCT patients. However, little is known about the relationship between PVOD and RSV infections.
Case report: A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with metastatic neuroblastoma and underwent intensive chemotherapy, autologous HSCT, and allogeneic cord blood transplantation (CBT). He experienced PVOD on day 194 following CBT after displaying upper respiratory symptoms and positive RSV antigen test results approximately one month prior. Pathological examination of a lung biopsy specimen revealed lung injury suspected to be associated with viral infection in addition to PVOD-related findings, suggesting that RSV infection might have contributed to the onset of PVOD.
Conclusions: The patient’s clinical history and histological findings indicated that RSV could have triggered the development of PVOD under potential endothelial damage caused by HSCT and other prior treatments. Common respiratory viral infections, such as RSV infection, may evoke the development of PVOD.
Category
Class I. Pulmonary Veno-occlusive Disease and Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Filed (PHiled). Greater than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes