Adele Valentini, Paola Franchi, Giuseppe Cicchetti, Gaia Messana, Greta Chiffi, CeciliaStrappa, Lucio Calandriello, Annemiliadel Ciello, Alessandra Farchione, Lorenzo Preda, Anna Rita Larici
Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo. G. Mazzini Hospital. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario. University of Pavia. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
Italy
Diagnostics
Diagnostics 2023; 13:
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091607
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder, defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) > 20 mmHg at rest, as assessed by right heart catheterization (RHC). PH is not a specific disease, as it may be observed in multiple clinical conditions and may complicate a variety of thoracic diseases. Conditions associated with the risk of developing PH are categorized into five different groups, according to similar clinical presentations, pathological findings, hemodynamic characteristics, and treatment strategy. Most chronic lung diseases that may be complicated by PH belong to group 3 (interstitial lung diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, combined pulmonary fibrosis, and emphysema) and are associated with the lowest overall survival among all groups. However, some of the chronic pulmonary diseases may develop PH with unclear/multifactorial mechanisms and are included in group 5 PH (sarcoidosis, pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, and neurofibromatosis type 1). This paper focuses on PH associated with chronic lung diseases, in which radiological imaging-particularly computed tomography (CT)-plays a crucial role in diagnosis and classification. Radiologists should become familiar with the hemodynamical, physiological, and radiological aspects of PH and chronic lung diseases in patients at risk of developing PH, whose prognosis and treatment depend on the underlying disease.
Category
Diagnostic Testing for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Non-invasive Testing
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease or Adult Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Filed (PHiled). Greater than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes