Prematurity and Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: The Role of Parenchymal Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Shilpa Vyas-Read, Nidhy P. Varghese, Divya Suthar, Carl Backes, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Christopher J. Petit, Philip T. Levy
Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital. Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital. University of California Davis. Harvard University and Boston Children’s Hospital.
United States

Children (Basel)
Children 2022; 9:
DOI: 10.3390/children9050713

Abstract
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) has emerged as a critical problem in premature infants with persistent respiratory diseases, particularly bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). As a parenchymal lung disease, BPD also influences vascular development with associated pulmonary hypertension recognized as an important comorbidity of both BPD and PVS. PVS is commonly detected later in infancy, suggesting additional postnatal factors that contribute to disease development, progression, and severity. The same processes that result in BPD, some of which are inflammatory-mediated, may also contribute to the postnatal development of PVS. Although both PVS and BPD are recognized as diseases of inflammation, the link between them is less well-described. In this review, we explore the relationship between parenchymal lung diseases, BPD, and PVS, with a specific focus on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, and plausible biological mechanisms in premature infants. We offer an algorithm for early detection and prevention and provide suggestions for research priorities.

Category
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Class II. Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Segmental Pulmonary Venous Disease. Without a Focus on Pulmonary Hypertension
Acquired Patient Factors Associated with Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Fresh or Filed Publication: Filed (PHiled). Greater than 1-2 years since publication

Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes

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