Karolina Chojnacka, Yogen Singh, Sheen Gahlaut, Witold Blaz, Agata Jerzak, Tomasz Szczapa
Poznan University of Medical Sciences. University of California and UC Davis Children’s Hospital. Oxford University. Saint Jadwiga the Queen Clinical Provincial Hospital and University of Rzeszow.
Poland, United States and United Kingdom
Biomedicines
Biomedicines 2025; 13:
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13102332
Abstract
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) results from disrupted fetal-neonatal circulatory transition, characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right-to-left shunting, and refractory hypoxemia. Despite improved perinatal care, PPHN remains a major source of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This review details PPHN phenotypes, pathophysiology, etiology, diagnostics including echocardiography and biomarkers like B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), and current therapeutic modalities, from lung recruitment and surfactant to targeted vasodilator therapy (iNO, sildenafil, milrinone, bosentan) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We emphasize the role of endothelial and molecular mechanisms in precision therapy and outline guidelines for clinical decision-making in diverse care settings.
Category
Class I. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Fresh (PHresh). Less than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes