Xiao‑Shan Li, Zi‑Tao Wang, Bo Wu, Shu‑Gao Ye, Feng Liu, Chun‑Xiao Hu, Yi Lu, Wen‑Jie Hua, Wei‑Wei Xu, Man Huang, Jing‑Yu Chen
Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center and Nanjing Medical University. Chinese Lung Transplantation Quality Management and Control Center. Wuxi School of Medicine and Jiangnan University. Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China.
China
World Journal of Pediatrics
World J Pediatr 2025;
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-025-00916-4
Abstract
Background: Pediatric lung transplant (pLTX) is a rare procedure globally; its characteristics and survival outcomes in China remain unknown.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from pLTX recipients aged ≤ 17 years between January 2019 and December 2023 from the China Lung Transplantation Registry. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative characteristics were described and compared between children aged 2-11 years and 12-17 years and between pLTX conducted in centers with high and low transplant volumes. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to estimate the postoperative survival rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). One-year postoperative survival rates were compared between pediatric and adult lung transplant (LTX) patients via log-rank tests.
Results: Between 2019 and 2023, 63 transplants were performed in 62 pediatric patients, accounting for 1.8% of the total LTX in China. The primary indication for pLTX was bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (46.0%), followed by cystic fibrosis (12.7%) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (11.1%). Infection was the most common complication after pLTX (63.9%), and the incidence of bronchial anastomotic stenosis was slightly higher among recipients aged 2-11 years than among those aged 12-17 years (14.3% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.244). High-volume hospitals had a higher incidence of infections (72.7% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.021) and primary graft failure (20.0% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.260) among pediatric recipients. However, acute rejection was exclusively observed in low-volume hospitals (0.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.018). The in-hospital mortality rate was 16.1% (95% CI = 6.7-25.5). The 30-day and one-year survival rates after pLTX were 93.5% (95% CI = 87.6-99.9) and 80.6% (95% CI = 71.4-91.1), respectively, and were significantly higher than those of adult recipients (82.0% and 58.7%, all P < 0.05).
Conclusions: This research identified the trends, indications, donor and recipient characteristics, and complications of pLTX in China. Despite its small size, pLTX is growing gradually and has favorable outcomes. Future research on the long-term follow-up of pLTX recipients is needed to identify factors associated with the prognosis of pLTX patients.
Category
Class I. Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension
Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Fresh (PHresh). Less than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes