Ulhas Jadhav, Jay Bhanushali, Arman Sindhu, Bingu Shiv Kiran Reddy, Amit Toshniwal, Mummaneni Rashmika
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research.
India
Cureus
Cureus 2025; 17:
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78051
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to oxygen desaturation and sleep disruptions. This comprehensive review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, consequences, management strategies, challenges, and future directions of pediatric OSA. Prevalence rates vary globally, with notable associations found between OSA and obesity. The review explores the anatomical and neuromuscular factors contributing to airway obstruction, emphasizing the importance of timely identification and intervention to mitigate long-term health implications. Diagnostic tools such as polysomnography (PSG) are essential, although challenges in accessibility exist. Pediatric OSA is linked to various health issues, including cardiovascular complications, metabolic disturbances, and neurocognitive impairments. Treatment options range from surgical interventions like adenotonsillectomy to non-pharmacological therapies and pharmacotherapy. Challenges in diagnosis and treatment warrant research into innovative diagnostic approaches and refining clinical prediction rules. Addressing these areas will enhance clinical management and outcomes for children with OSA.
Category
Class III. Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Airway Disease, Apnea or Hypoventilation
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Fresh (PHresh). Less than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes