Randomized Controlled Trials of Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy Adjunctive to Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: A Systematic Review

Kristen Coletti, K. Taylor Wild, Elizabeth E. Foglia, Suzan Cochius-den Otter, Haresh Kirpalani
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania. Erasmus MC University Medical Center.
United States and Netherlands

Clinics in Perinatology
Clin Perinatol 2024; 51: 253-269
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.11.009

Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a pulmonary vasodilator considered standard of care to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. However, not all infants respond to iNO. The authors performed a systematic review to examine methodology, outcomes, and challenges of randomized controlled trials testing pulmonary vasodilator medications adjunctive to iNO. The 5 trials identified showed heterogeneity in eligibility criteria and outcomes assessed. No trial achieved recruitment goals, limiting conclusions regarding efficacy, safety, and pharmacology. Trial design consensus and alternative methodologic strategies such as deferred consent, real-world controls, nonrandomized database assessments, and Bayesian statistical approaches are needed.

Category
Class I. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Medical Therapy. Efficacy or Lack of Efficacy
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Fresh or Filed Publication: Fresh (PHresh). Less than 1-2 years since publication

Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: No

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