Justyna A. Karolak, Carrie L. Welch, Christian Mosimann, Katarzyna Bzdega, James D. West, David Montani, Melanie Eyries, Mary P. Mullen, Steven H. Abman, Matina Prapa, Stefan Graf, Nicholas W. Morrell, Anna R. Hemnes, Frederic Perros, Rizwan Hamid, Malcolm P. O. Logan, Jeffrey Whitsett, Csaba Galambos, Pawel Stankiewicz, Wendy K. Chung, Eric D. Austin
Multiple Institutions
Poland, France, United States and United Kingdom
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207: 855-864
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1039TR
Abstract
Over the past decade, recognition of the profound impact of the TBX4 (T-box 4) gene, which encodes a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of T-box-containing transcription factors, on respiratory diseases has emerged. The developmental importance of TBX4 is emphasized by the association of TBX4 variants with congenital disorders involving respiratory and skeletal structures; however, the exact role of TBX4 in human development remains incompletely understood. Here, we discuss the developmental, tissue-specific, and pathological TBX4 functions identified through human and animal studies and review the published TBX4 variants resulting in variable disease phenotypes. We also outline future research directions to fill the gaps in our understanding of TBX4 function and of how TBX4 disruption affects development.
Category
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Genetic Factors Associated with Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease or Adult Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Filed (PHiled). Greater than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: No