Faeq Almudares, Bheru Gandhi, Jonathan Davies, Xanthi Couroucli, Natalie Villafranco, Nidhy Paulose Varghese, Milenka Cuevas Guaman, Charleta Guillory, Binoy Shivanna
Baylor College of Medicine.
United States
Journal of Clinical Medicine
J Clin Med 2025; 14:
DOI: 10.3390/jcm14113975
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is vital for cellular development, function, proliferation, and repair, underscoring its critical role in organogenesis. Both hypoxia (reduced tissue O2) and hyperoxia (excess tissue O2), when prolonged, can trigger inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to acute and long-term cardiopulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidity. In sick neonates, immature defense mechanisms and coexisting morbidities demand nuanced and sometimes opposing strategies for O2 saturation targets and therapeutic titration. Most current neonatal O2 targeting guidelines are based on animal models or small clinical studies, resulting in recommendations with limited evidence. This narrative review aims to provide an updated overview of the physiological roles of O2 in development, its delivery and consumption, approaches to O2 saturation monitoring, and therapeutic targeting in neonates under both normal and pathological conditions. We also highlight key knowledge gaps and propose directions for future research on neonatal O2 saturation targeting.
Category
Class III. Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Lung Disease
Medical Therapy. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacology
Review Articles Concerning Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Age Focus: Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Fresh or Filed Publication: Fresh (PHresh). Less than 1-2 years since publication
Article Access
Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes